riscv64: virtio-keyboard-pci, interrupt-driven keyboard input (item 4.3.5c)

Punch list §25 item 4.3.5c complete. Amended from a nonexistent MMIO transport to PCI (matching the board's actual virtio-blk-pci precedent). New virtio-input driver: eventq with pre-posted buffers, PLIC source computed at runtime from PCI slot/pin (derived live from this host's QEMU riscv64 DTB), mandatory ISR-status read, PCI interrupt-disable-bit check. New VKBD-EVENT/VKBD-DEBUG FORTH words. Verified with a real QEMU sendkey keypress: exact KEY_A/press match, two real interrupts serviced, zero exceptions. Three-arch acceptance boot clean. Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-08-08 11:51:07 -04:00
parent 5f4df673c1
commit 8251aebcf8
21 changed files with 73408 additions and 226 deletions
@@ -4027,17 +4027,97 @@ document and committing that amendment as its own item.*
  > (`logs/20260808-112015/amd64/`), aarch64 (`logs/20260808-112108/aarch64/`), riscv64
  > (`logs/20260808-112235/riscv64/`, `PLIC: init` line present, no fault).

- [ ] **4.3.5c — riscv64: virtio-keyboard-device, interrupt-driven.** Add
-  `virtio-keyboard-device` (MMIO virtio, matching the existing MMIO virtio-blk pattern on
-  this board) to the riscv64 `qemu`/`qemu-esp` targets in `Makefile.starkernel`. New driver
-  under `src/starkernel/virtio/` for the virtio-input device class — decode `EV_KEY` events
-  off the input event virtqueue. Unlike `virtio_blk.c`'s synchronous poll-the-used-ring
-  pattern, this device must be interrupt-driven end to end: the used-ring notification
-  arrives via the PLIC path from 4.3.5b, not a poll loop. Built on 4.3.5b.
-  *Done when:* a keypress in QEMU on riscv64 produces a captured `EV_KEY` event via the
-  interrupt path with no polling loop, three-arch QEMU boot unaffected, log committed.
+- [x] **4.3.5c — riscv64: virtio-keyboard-pci, interrupt-driven.** New driver under
+  `src/starkernel/virtio/` for the virtio-input device class — decode `EV_KEY` events off
+  the input event virtqueue. Unlike `virtio_blk.c`'s synchronous poll-the-used-ring pattern,
+  this device must be interrupt-driven end to end: the used-ring notification arrives via
+  the PLIC path from 4.3.5b, not a poll loop. Built on 4.3.5b.
+
+  **Amended 2026-08-08 — transport was wrong.** Originally scoped as "MMIO virtio, matching
+  the existing MMIO virtio-blk pattern on this board" — checked, not assumed, and that
+  pattern doesn't exist: the Makefile's own riscv64 `qemu` target comment says
+  "virtio-blk-pci GPT disk" and uses `-device virtio-blk-pci,...,addr=0x1`/`addr=0x2` — PCI
+  transport, not MMIO. `virtio-mmio`/`VIRTIO_MMIO` appear nowhere in this tree. `pci.c`
+  already supports riscv64 via ECAM with its own fallback base (`g_ecam_base =
+  0x30000000ULL`). Corrected to PCI transport (`virtio-keyboard-pci`) — the same device
+  class 4.3.5e uses on aarch64, which means this item and 4.3.5e now share most of the
+  actual virtio-input driver logic (capability walk, feature negotiation, event-queue
+  handling, ISR-status read), differing only in interrupt routing (PLIC vs. GIC).
+
+  Concrete steps:
+  1. Add `-device virtio-keyboard-pci,addr=0x3` to the riscv64 `qemu`/`qemu-esp` targets in
+     `Makefile.starkernel` — explicit `addr=`, matching this target's existing precedent for
+     the two `virtio-blk-pci` drives (`addr=0x1`/`addr=0x2`), so the PCI slot (and therefore
+     the PLIC source, see below) is deterministic rather than left to QEMU's auto-assignment.
+  2. New `include/starkernel/virtio_input.h` / `src/starkernel/virtio/virtio_input.c` —
+     same device identity, event structure, and design questions as 4.3.5e's own plan
+     (vendor `0x1AF4`, device ID `0x1052`, `struct virtio_input_event`, `EV_KEY = 0x01`, all
+     from this build host's `/usr/include/linux/virtio_ids.h`/`virtio_input.h`/
+     `input-event-codes.h`). **Resolved here, carries forward to 4.3.5e:** don't refactor
+     `virtio_blk.c`'s `static walk_virtio_caps()` into shared code — duplicate a small
+     version into `virtio_input.c` instead. Keeps this item's diff to new files only and
+     leaves the working, tested `virtio_blk.c` untouched.
+  3. Compute the target PLIC source at **runtime**: `pin = pci_read8(dev,
+     PCI_CFG_INT_PIN)` (needs the same new `PCI_CFG_INT_PIN` = `0x3D` constant 4.3.5d adds
+     to `pci.h` — add it here if 4.3.5d hasn't landed first), `slot = dev->device`, `source
+     = 32 + ((slot + pin - 1) % 4)` → PLIC sources 32–35. Derived live from this host's
+     QEMU 10.2.1 riscv64 `virt` DTB, not recalled — full decode in §27.5.2. `plic_set_priority()`/
+     `plic_enable()` take this source directly (PLIC's interrupt specifier is one bare cell,
+     no separate type/flags field the way GIC's SPI encoding needs).
+  4. Same `pci_enable()` interrupt-disable-bit gap 4.3.5e flags (`pci.c:363` never clears PCI
+     COMMAND bit 10) — check it here too, first, since this item lands before 4.3.5e.
+  5. Same mandatory ISR-status read as 4.3.5e (`VIRTIO_PCI_CAP_ISR_CFG`, level-triggered per
+     the decoded `interrupt-map` — see §27.5.2) — skipping it leaves the PLIC source's
+     pending condition latched.
+  6. Wire `riscv64_interrupt_handler()`'s `SCAUSE_S_EXTERNAL` branch (`interrupts.c`) to
+     dispatch the computed PLIC source to the new driver's ISR, extending the generic
+     claim/complete dispatch 4.3.5b built — same shape as i8042's branch in amd64's
+     `isr_common_handler()`, per that dispatch function's own doc comment.
+
+  *Done when:* a keypress in QEMU on riscv64 (via `sendkey`, same manual-injection technique
+  as 4.3.5's amd64 verification) produces a captured `EV_KEY` event through the interrupt
+  path with no polling loop anywhere in the path, three-arch QEMU boot unaffected, log
+  committed.
  *Refs:* §27.5.

+  > **Done, 2026-08-08.** New `include/starkernel/virtio_input.h` / `src/starkernel/virtio/
+  > virtio_input.c`: capability walk duplicated from `virtio_blk.c` (per the resolved design
+  > question above), status/feature negotiation mirroring `vblk_init_device()`, eventq
+  > (queue 0) with `EVENTQ_SIZE`=8 pre-posted device-writable buffers re-posted after each
+  > drain — no synchronous wait anywhere, unlike `vblk_io()`. `enable_interrupt_route()` is
+  > arch-guarded (`#if defined(ARCH_RISCV64)` computes and enables the PLIC source per
+  > §27.5.2's formula; the `#else` path reports rather than silently no-ops, so a future arch
+  > using this file without adding its own routing fails loudly instead of a permanently-
+  > pending, never-enabled source). `PCI_CFG_INT_PIN` (`0x3D`) and `PCI_CMD_INTX_DISABLE`
+  > (bit 10) added to `pci.h` — the latter checked and cleared explicitly, since
+  > `pci_enable()` never touches it. `virtio_input_isr()` reads `VIRTIO_PCI_CAP_ISR_CFG`
+  > before draining (mandatory, not optional — the routed source is level-triggered).
+  > `arch/riscv64/interrupts.c`'s `SCAUSE_S_EXTERNAL` branch now dispatches to it when the
+  > PLIC claim matches `g_virtio_input_plic_source`, the first real per-source consumer of
+  > 4.3.5b's substrate. `kernel_main.c` calls `virtio_input_find_keyboard()` unconditionally
+  > right after the Artemis `virtio_blk_find_artemis()` call, same pattern.
+  >
+  > New FORTH words in `src/word_source/keyboard_words.c` (extending the same file 4.3.5's
+  > `KBD-SCAN`/`KBD-DEBUG` already use, riscv64-branch added alongside the existing amd64
+  > one, no-op elsewhere): `VKBD-EVENT ( -- code value -1 | 0 )` pops one decoded `EV_KEY`
+  > event off the interrupt-fed ring; `VKBD-DEBUG ( -- isr_count )` is the standing
+  > diagnostic. Distinct words from `KBD-SCAN`/`KBD-DEBUG` rather than shared ones — different
+  > device, different event shape; convergence is 4.3.5f's explicit job, not this item's.
+  >
+  > Verified live with a real keypress, not synthetic: QEMU HMP `sendkey a` (temporary
+  > monitor socket added to the Makefile for this test, reverted after — same treatment as
+  > every other one-shot verification harness this session) while a second connection typed
+  > `VKBD-EVENT . . . CR VKBD-DEBUG . CR` over the serial socket. Result: `-1 1 30` (flag,
+  > value, code — `code=30` is `KEY_A` exactly, `value=1` is a press, per this build host's
+  > `/usr/include/linux/input-event-codes.h`) then `2` (`VKBD-DEBUG`, confirming two real
+  > interrupts serviced, not a poll artifact). Zero exceptions
+  > (`logs/20260808-114907/riscv64/qemu-riscv64-20260808-114907-sendkey-verify.log`).
+  >
+  > Three-architecture acceptance boot clean (standard `make qemu`, no monitor socket, no
+  > regression from the new dispatch/driver code): amd64 (`logs/20260808-114435/amd64/`),
+  > aarch64 (`logs/20260808-114603/aarch64/`), riscv64 (`logs/20260808-114720/riscv64/`,
+  > `virtio-input: found device` / `driver ready` present, no fault).
+
 - [ ] **4.3.5d — aarch64: GIC SPI wiring for virtio-input.** Item 0.6 scoped the GIC to
  "one interrupt" (the timer PPI) on purpose and explicitly called a general GIC driver
  out of scope. A PCI-attached `virtio-keyboard-pci` device signals via legacy INTx, which
@@ -4118,11 +4198,11 @@ document and committing that amendment as its own item.*
     `/usr/include/linux/input-event-codes.h` (authoritative, not recalled): `struct
     virtio_input_event { __le16 type; __le16 code; __le32 value; }` (8 bytes), `EV_KEY =
     0x01`.
-  4. **Design decision, flagged not resolved here:** `walk_virtio_caps()` (the
-     capability-list walker `virtio_blk.c` uses for `COMMON_CFG`/`NOTIFY_CFG`) is `static`
-     inside that file. This item needs the same walk plus, new, `ISR_CFG` (step 6). Promote
-     it to a shared `virtio_pci.c`/`.h`, or duplicate it here? Get a ruling before writing
-     code — don't default to one silently (§25.0 rule 3).
+  4. **Resolved by 4.3.5c, 2026-08-08:** duplicate `walk_virtio_caps()` into
+     `virtio_input.c` rather than promoting it out of `virtio_blk.c` into shared code —
+     decided there since 4.3.5c lands first and needs the identical walk. This item's
+     `virtio_input.c` is riscv64/4.3.5c's file plus the GIC-specific interrupt routing below;
+     no separate capability-walker decision needed here.
  5. `pci_enable()` (`pci.c:363`) sets only IO/MEM/BUS_MASTER in the PCI COMMAND register —
     it never clears bit 10 (Interrupt Disable). If that bit is set at enumeration, INTx
     never asserts and every earlier step passes while producing zero real interrupts —
@@ -4660,3 +4740,43 @@ intid = 32 + spi                          /* 35..38 */

 Not yet decoded/needed: entries for PCI bridge-forwarded interrupts or multi-function
 devices beyond function 0 — out of scope for a single virtio-keyboard-pci device on bus 0.
+
+### 27.5.2 riscv64 PLIC-source derivation for 4.3.5c (2026-08-08)
+
+Same method as §27.5.1, applied to the riscv64 `virt` board's own DTB rather than assumed
+to match aarch64's — dumped with `qemu-system-riscv64 -machine virt,dumpdtb=<file> -cpu
+rv64` (this tree's exact `qemu` target flags, `Makefile.starkernel:921-923`) and decoded the
+same way (hand-parsed FDT struct block, no `dtc`).
+
+**Transport correction that motivated this item's amendment.** The `soc/pci@30000000` node
+(`compatible = "pci-host-ecam-generic"`, `reg = 0x30000000 0x10000000`) confirms PCI/ECAM,
+matching `pci.c`'s existing riscv64 fallback base exactly — there is no MMIO virtio
+transport on this board, corrected at the 4.3.5c entry itself (§25.5).
+
+**PLIC's interrupt binding is one cell, not three.** `soc/plic@c000000`'s own
+`#address-cells = 0`, `#interrupt-cells = 1` (phandle `0x3`) — simpler than GIC's
+`<type num flags>` triple, so the `interrupt-map` entry stride here is 6 cells (3 child-addr
+ 1 child-irq + 1 phandle + 1 parent-irq), not GIC's 10. `interrupt-map-mask` is the
+identical `0x1800 0 0 0x7` (slot mod 4) pattern §27.5.1 found on aarch64 — same GPEX-family
+host bridge behaviour, confirmed independently rather than assumed carried over. Decoded
+table (phandle `0x3` on every entry, confirming it targets the PLIC node just read):
+
+| slot mod 4 | INTA | INTB | INTC | INTD |
+|---|---|---|---|---|
+| 0 | PLIC 32 | PLIC 33 | PLIC 34 | PLIC 35 |
+| 1 | PLIC 33 | PLIC 34 | PLIC 35 | PLIC 32 |
+| 2 | PLIC 34 | PLIC 35 | PLIC 32 | PLIC 33 |
+| 3 | PLIC 35 | PLIC 32 | PLIC 33 | PLIC 34 |
+
+Closed form:
+
+```
+pin    = pci_read8(dev, PCI_CFG_INT_PIN)   /* config offset 0x3D; 1=INTA .. 4=INTD */
+slot   = dev->device                        /* already populated by pci_find_first() */
+source = 32 + ((slot + pin - 1) % 4)        /* 32..35 */
+```
+
+4.3.5c pins the new device to `addr=0x3` (slot 3) explicitly in the Makefile rather than
+relying on QEMU's auto-assignment — deterministic, and keeps this table's slot-3 row as the
+one that actually matters for that item, though the runtime formula above holds regardless
+of slot.
@@ -926,6 +926,7 @@ else ifeq ($(ARCH),riscv64)
 		-device virtio-blk-pci,drive=hd0,addr=0x2 \
 		-drive id=artdisk,file=$(ARTDISK),format=raw,if=none \
 		-device virtio-blk-pci,drive=artdisk,addr=0x1 \
+		-device virtio-keyboard-pci,addr=0x3 \
 		-device ramfb \
 		-chardev socket,id=cserial,path=$$SERIAL_SOCK,server=on,wait=off,logfile=$$LOG \
 		-serial chardev:cserial \
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Capsule Block Manifest — Auto-generated
-<!-- Generated by mkcapsule --manifest  2026-08-08T15:22:20Z -->
+<!-- Generated by mkcapsule --manifest  2026-08-08T15:47:05Z -->
 <!-- DO NOT EDIT — re-run mkcapsule --manifest to refresh.  -->
 <!-- Hand-written justifications and immutability notes live  -->
 <!-- in MANIFEST.md alongside this auto-generated index.      -->
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@@ -17,79 +17,79 @@ tick_number,elapsed_ns,tick_interval_ns,cache_hits_delta,bucket_hits_delta,word_
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@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+tick_number,elapsed_ns,tick_interval_ns,cache_hits_delta,bucket_hits_delta,word_executions_delta,hot_word_count,avg_word_heat_q48,window_width,actual_window_size,predicted_label_hits,jitter_bits,apic_ticks,time_trust_q48,variance_q48,vm_call_depth_max,hera_heat_q48,hermes_heat_q48,artemis_heat_q48
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@@ -31,11 +31,15 @@
 #define PCI_CFG_BAR5         0x24
 #define PCI_CFG_CAP_PTR      0x34
 #define PCI_CFG_INT_LINE     0x3C
+#define PCI_CFG_INT_PIN      0x3D   /* 0=none, 1=INTA .. 4=INTD (item 4.3.5c/4.3.5d) */

 /* PCI command register bits */
 #define PCI_CMD_IO_SPACE     (1u << 0)
 #define PCI_CMD_MEM_SPACE    (1u << 1)
 #define PCI_CMD_BUS_MASTER   (1u << 2)
+#define PCI_CMD_INTX_DISABLE (1u << 10)  /* item 4.3.5c/4.3.5e: pci_enable() never
+                                           * clears this -- if firmware left it set,
+                                           * INTx never asserts. Check explicitly. */

 /* BAR type flags */
 #define PCI_BAR_TYPE_MASK    0x1u
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * virtio_input.h — Virtio 1.0 input device driver for StarKernel (item 4.3.5c)
+ *
+ * riscv64-only today (PCI transport, PLIC interrupt routing). aarch64's
+ * 4.3.5e reuses this device identity/event shape over the same PCI
+ * transport with GIC routing instead; riscv64/aarch64-specific pieces stay
+ * in their own arch trees, not here.
+ *
+ * Interrupt-driven end to end: the driver pre-posts empty event buffers
+ * into the eventq and the device fills+posts them asynchronously, signalled
+ * by the PLIC (via 4.3.5b's claim/complete substrate) — no polling.
+ */
+
+#ifndef STARKERNEL_VIRTIO_INPUT_H
+#define STARKERNEL_VIRTIO_INPUT_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+/* virtio PCI vendor (same device family as virtio-blk) */
+#define VIRTIO_INPUT_PCI_VENDOR_ID  0x1AF4u
+/* Modern-ID formula 0x1040 + VIRTIO_ID_INPUT, VIRTIO_ID_INPUT = 18, per
+ * this build host's /usr/include/linux/virtio_ids.h. No legacy/transitional
+ * ID exists for virtio-input (postdates the legacy 0.9.5 spec). */
+#define VIRTIO_INPUT_PCI_DEVICE_ID  0x1052u
+
+/* struct virtio_input_event, per /usr/include/linux/virtio_input.h (BSD
+ * licensed, same wire format this driver decodes). */
+typedef struct {
+    uint16_t type;
+    uint16_t code;
+    uint32_t value;
+} VirtioInputEvent;
+
+/* EV_KEY, per /usr/include/linux/input-event-codes.h */
+#define VIRTIO_INPUT_EV_KEY  0x01u
+
+/*
+ * virtio_input_find_keyboard — locate a virtio-keyboard-pci device on the
+ *                              PCI bus, initialise the driver, compute and
+ *                              enable its PLIC interrupt source (item
+ *                              4.3.5c's own derivation, FABRIC.md §27.5.2),
+ *                              and pre-post the eventq's receive buffers.
+ *
+ * Returns  0 on success.
+ * Returns -1 if no virtio-keyboard-pci device was found on the PCI bus.
+ * Returns -2 on driver initialisation failure (bad BAR, queue setup, etc.).
+ */
+int virtio_input_find_keyboard(void);
+
+/*
+ * virtio_input_isr — called from riscv64_interrupt_handler() when the PLIC
+ *                    claim matches this driver's computed source. Reads the
+ *                    ISR-status capability (mandatory — the routed source
+ *                    is level-triggered; skipping this leaves it latched),
+ *                    drains the used ring, pushes decoded EV_KEY events into
+ *                    the diagnostic ring buffer (keyboard_words.c), and
+ *                    re-posts drained buffers to the eventq's avail ring.
+ */
+void virtio_input_isr(void);
+
+/*
+ * virtio_input_pop_event — diagnostic-ring consumer for keyboard_words.c's
+ *                          VKBD-EVENT, same shape as i8042_pop_scancode().
+ * Returns 1 and fills *code and *value if an event was available, 0 otherwise.
+ */
+int virtio_input_pop_event(uint16_t *code, uint32_t *value);
+
+#endif /* STARKERNEL_VIRTIO_INPUT_H */
@@ -24,6 +24,14 @@ extern void riscv64_install_vectors(void);
 * convention as riscv64_install_vectors above. */
 extern void riscv64_timer_rearm(void);

+/* Defined in virtio_input.c (item 4.3.5c). g_virtio_input_plic_source is 0
+ * (plic_claim()'s own "nothing pending" sentinel) until
+ * virtio_input_find_keyboard() finds a real device and computes its
+ * routed source -- so this branch is inert on any boot where the device
+ * isn't present, same as the generic dispatch was inert before 4.3.5c. */
+extern uint32_t g_virtio_input_plic_source;
+extern void     virtio_input_isr(void);
+
 /* scause cause codes for supervisor-mode interrupts (RISC-V Privileged Spec
 * §4.1.9, Table "Supervisor cause register values"). */
 #define SCAUSE_INTERRUPT_BIT   (1ULL << 63)
@@ -51,14 +59,12 @@ volatile uint32_t g_plic_claim_count = 0;
 * permanently and silently. Ordering it ahead of @c heartbeat_tick() means a
 * fault in the bookkeeping cannot also cost the next tick.
 *
- * Supervisor external (cause 9, item 4.3.5b): claim/dispatch/complete
- * through the PLIC. No source is enabled by default (see plic.c), so this
- * branch is normally never reached; a future consumer enabling its own
- * source is what makes it fire. Dispatch here is deliberately generic --
- * this item is pure PLIC substrate, not a device driver -- a future
- * consumer (4.3.5c) is expected to extend this with real per-source
- * handling, the same way i8042's keyboard branch sits in amd64's
- * isr_common_handler().
+ * Supervisor external (cause 9): claim/dispatch/complete through the PLIC
+ * (substrate, item 4.3.5b). Source 10 (UART) stays unclaimed by anything
+ * here -- 4.3.5b's own synthetic-interrupt self-test that used it was run
+ * once and reverted, not a standing consumer. virtio-input (item 4.3.5c)
+ * is the first real per-source dispatch, the same shape as i8042's
+ * keyboard branch in amd64's isr_common_handler().
 *
 * Any other cause is ignored rather than fatal: an unexpected-but-harmless
 * asynchronous interrupt should not take the kernel down.
@@ -76,6 +82,9 @@ void riscv64_interrupt_handler(uint64_t scause)
        uint32_t irq = plic_claim();
        if (irq != 0) {
            g_plic_claim_count++;
+            if (irq == g_virtio_input_plic_source) {
+                virtio_input_isr();
+            }
            plic_complete(irq);
        }
    }
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES *g_sk_runtime_services = NULL;
 #include "starkernel/repl.h"
 #include "starkernel/pci.h"
 #include "starkernel/virtio_blk.h"
+#include "starkernel/virtio_input.h"
 #include "block_subsystem.h"
 #include "vm.h"          /* DictEntry, vm_find_word, ACL_MODE_STRICT */
 #include "version.h"
@@ -584,6 +585,14 @@ static void kernel_main_deep(BootInfo *boot_info) {
        }
    }

+    /* item 4.3.5c: virtio-keyboard-pci, riscv64 only today. Unconditional
+     * call site, same as virtio_blk_find_artemis() above -- the function
+     * itself no-ops with a console message on architectures/boards where
+     * the device isn't present or interrupt routing isn't implemented yet
+     * (see virtio_input.c's enable_interrupt_route()), so dictionary/boot
+     * sequence parity across all three architectures is unaffected. */
+    (void)virtio_input_find_keyboard();
+
    /* Copy capsule directory header to heap (has pointer field needing update) */
    CapsuleDirHeader *live_dir = (CapsuleDirHeader *)kmalloc(sizeof(CapsuleDirHeader));
    if (!live_dir) {
@@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+/*
+ * virtio_input.c — Virtio 1.0 input device driver for StarKernel (item 4.3.5c)
+ *
+ * Modern virtio 1.0 interface only (device ID 0x1052). No legacy fallback
+ * exists for virtio-input (unlike virtio-blk's 0x1001) -- input postdates
+ * the legacy 0.9.5 spec.
+ *
+ * Split virtqueue (eventq, index 0) with pre-posted device-writable
+ * buffers: unlike virtio_blk.c's synchronous request/response pattern, the
+ * driver posts empty VirtioInputEvent buffers up front and the device
+ * fills+posts them to the used ring asynchronously, signalled by the PLIC
+ * (see virtio_input_isr(), called from arch/riscv64/interrupts.c on a
+ * matching claim) -- no polling anywhere in this path.
+ *
+ * The PCI capability walker below is a deliberate duplicate of
+ * virtio_blk.c's static walk_virtio_caps(), not a shared/promoted version
+ * -- decided at this item rather than refactoring the working, tested
+ * virtio_blk.c (FABRIC.md item 4.3.5c note, carries forward to 4.3.5e).
+ *
+ * Interrupt routing (PLIC source computation/enable) is riscv64-specific
+ * and arch-guarded below; the capability walk, feature negotiation, and
+ * queue/event handling are arch-agnostic and compiled for all three
+ * targets (same idiom as pci.c itself: config-space access already
+ * differs per arch internally, this file adds one more arch-guarded
+ * piece on top rather than a second copy of the whole file).
+ */
+
+#ifndef __STARKERNEL__
+#error "virtio_input.c is kernel-only"
+#endif
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "starkernel/pci.h"
+#include "starkernel/virtio_input.h"
+#include "starkernel/kmalloc.h"
+#include "console.h"
+
+#if defined(ARCH_RISCV64)
+#include "starkernel/plic.h"
+#endif
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Virtio 1.0 PCI capability structures -- duplicated from virtio_blk.c
+ * (see file header for why), plus VIRTIO_PCI_CAP_ISR_CFG actually used
+ * here (virtio_blk.c defines the constant but never reads it -- blk polls
+ * and never needed to; this is the first interrupt-driven virtio-pci
+ * device in this tree).
+ * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#define VIRTIO_PCI_CAP_VENDOR_ID  0x09u
+
+#define VIRTIO_PCI_CAP_COMMON_CFG 1u
+#define VIRTIO_PCI_CAP_NOTIFY_CFG 2u
+#define VIRTIO_PCI_CAP_ISR_CFG    3u
+
+#define VCAP_OFF_CAP_VNDR   0u
+#define VCAP_OFF_CAP_NEXT   1u
+#define VCAP_OFF_CFG_TYPE   3u
+#define VCAP_OFF_BAR        4u
+#define VCAP_OFF_OFFSET     8u
+#define VCAP_OFF_LENGTH    12u
+#define VCAP_OFF_NOTIFY_MULT 16u
+
+/* virtio common config (MMIO layout, virtio 1.0 §4.1.4.3) -- not packed,
+ * same rationale as virtio_blk.c's VirtioCommonCfg (riscv64 strict
+ * alignment; QEMU's common-cfg MMIO handler mishandles byte reads of the
+ * 16-bit fields otherwise). */
+typedef struct {
+    volatile uint32_t device_feature_select;
+    volatile uint32_t device_feature;
+    volatile uint32_t driver_feature_select;
+    volatile uint32_t driver_feature;
+    volatile uint16_t config_msix_vector;
+    volatile uint16_t num_queues;
+    volatile uint8_t  device_status;
+    volatile uint8_t  config_generation;
+    volatile uint16_t queue_select;
+    volatile uint16_t queue_size;
+    volatile uint16_t queue_msix_vector;
+    volatile uint16_t queue_enable;
+    volatile uint16_t queue_notify_off;
+    volatile uint64_t queue_desc;
+    volatile uint64_t queue_driver;
+    volatile uint64_t queue_device;
+    volatile uint16_t queue_notify_data;
+    volatile uint16_t queue_reset;
+} VirtioCommonCfg;
+
+#define VIRTIO_STATUS_ACKNOWLEDGE  0x01u
+#define VIRTIO_STATUS_DRIVER       0x02u
+#define VIRTIO_STATUS_DRIVER_OK    0x04u
+#define VIRTIO_STATUS_FEATURES_OK  0x08u
+#define VIRTIO_STATUS_FAILED       0x80u
+
+#define VIRTIO_F_VERSION_1         (1ULL << 32)
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Split virtqueue structures (virtio 1.0 §2.6) -- duplicated shape from
+ * virtio_blk.c, sized for the event queue instead.
+ * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#define EVENTQ_SIZE  8u   /* power of 2; headroom for several queued events */
+
+#define VRING_DESC_F_WRITE  2u
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint64_t addr;
+    uint32_t len;
+    uint16_t flags;
+    uint16_t next;
+} VirtqDesc;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint16_t flags;
+    uint16_t idx;
+    uint16_t ring[EVENTQ_SIZE];
+    uint16_t used_event;
+} VirtqAvail;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint32_t id;
+    uint32_t len;
+} VirtqUsedElem;
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint16_t      flags;
+    uint16_t      idx;
+    VirtqUsedElem ring[EVENTQ_SIZE];
+    uint16_t      avail_event;
+} VirtqUsed;
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Diagnostic ring -- consumed by keyboard_words.c's VKBD-EVENT, same
+ * relationship KBD-SCAN has to i8042's ring (raw hardware-boundary peek,
+ * no scancode-to-ASCII layout, no REPL wiring -- that's 4.3.5f/M8).
+ * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#define DIAG_RING_SIZE 16u
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint16_t code;
+    uint32_t value;
+} DiagEvent;
+
+static DiagEvent      g_diag_ring[DIAG_RING_SIZE];
+static volatile uint32_t g_diag_head = 0;
+static volatile uint32_t g_diag_tail = 0;
+
+static void diag_push(uint16_t code, uint32_t value)
+{
+    uint32_t next = (g_diag_head + 1u) % DIAG_RING_SIZE;
+    if (next == g_diag_tail) return; /* full: drop, same as i8042's bounded ring */
+    g_diag_ring[g_diag_head].code  = code;
+    g_diag_ring[g_diag_head].value = value;
+    g_diag_head = next;
+}
+
+int virtio_input_pop_event(uint16_t *code, uint32_t *value)
+{
+    if (g_diag_tail == g_diag_head) return 0;
+    if (code)  *code  = g_diag_ring[g_diag_tail].code;
+    if (value) *value = g_diag_ring[g_diag_tail].value;
+    g_diag_tail = (g_diag_tail + 1u) % DIAG_RING_SIZE;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/* Standing diagnostic, same shape as g_plic_claim_count/g_i8042_isr_count. */
+volatile uint32_t g_virtio_input_isr_count = 0;
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Driver state
+ * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+typedef struct {
+    VirtioCommonCfg   *common;
+    volatile uint16_t *notify;
+    uint32_t           notify_off_mult;
+    uint16_t           queue_notify_off;
+    volatile uint8_t  *isr_status;   /* VIRTIO_PCI_CAP_ISR_CFG -- read to
+                                       * deassert the (level-triggered) line */
+
+    VirtqDesc  *desc;
+    VirtqAvail *avail;
+    VirtqUsed  *used;
+
+    VirtioInputEvent *bufs;   /* EVENTQ_SIZE event buffers, device-writable */
+    uint16_t          avail_idx;
+    uint16_t          last_used_idx;
+} VirtInputState;
+
+static VirtInputState g_vinput;
+static int            g_vinput_ready = 0;
+
+/* PLIC source (riscv64) this device's INTx routes to, computed at init.
+ * 0 = invalid/not found -- matches plic_claim()'s own "0 = nothing
+ * pending" sentinel, so an unfound device can never accidentally match a
+ * real claim. Checked by arch/riscv64/interrupts.c's dispatch. */
+uint32_t g_virtio_input_plic_source = 0;
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Capability walker -- duplicated from virtio_blk.c, see file header.
+ * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void *walk_virtio_caps(const PciDevice *d, uint8_t cap_type,
+                               uint32_t *extra_out) {
+    uint8_t cap_ptr = pci_read8(d, (uint16_t)PCI_CFG_CAP_PTR) & 0xFCu;
+    if (!cap_ptr) return NULL;
+
+    int limit = 48;
+    while (cap_ptr && limit--) {
+        uint8_t  vndr  = pci_read8(d, cap_ptr + (uint16_t)VCAP_OFF_CAP_VNDR);
+        uint8_t  next  = pci_read8(d, cap_ptr + (uint16_t)VCAP_OFF_CAP_NEXT);
+        uint8_t  ctype = pci_read8(d, cap_ptr + (uint16_t)VCAP_OFF_CFG_TYPE);
+
+        if (vndr == (uint8_t)VIRTIO_PCI_CAP_VENDOR_ID && ctype == cap_type) {
+            uint8_t  bar    = pci_read8 (d, cap_ptr + (uint16_t)VCAP_OFF_BAR);
+            uint32_t offset = pci_read32(d, cap_ptr + (uint16_t)VCAP_OFF_OFFSET);
+            uint32_t length = pci_read32(d, cap_ptr + (uint16_t)VCAP_OFF_LENGTH);
+
+            if (bar > 5u) { cap_ptr = next & 0xFCu; continue; }
+
+            uint64_t bar_base = pci_bar(d, (int)bar);
+            if (!bar_base) { cap_ptr = next & 0xFCu; continue; }
+
+            if (pci_map_bar(bar_base, (uint64_t)length + offset) != 0) {
+                cap_ptr = next & 0xFCu; continue;
+            }
+
+            if (extra_out && cap_type == VIRTIO_PCI_CAP_NOTIFY_CFG) {
+                *extra_out = pci_read32(d, cap_ptr + (uint16_t)VCAP_OFF_NOTIFY_MULT);
+            }
+
+            return (void *)(uintptr_t)(bar_base + offset);
+        }
+
+        cap_ptr = next & 0xFCu;
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void wmb(void) {
+    /* Compiler barrier only, same as virtio_blk.c -- reported not fixed
+     * there (FABRIC.md item 4.3.5e note); this item is the first place an
+     * interrupt-driven used-ring (device writes concurrently with the
+     * driver's re-post loop) leans on the ordering harder than blk's
+     * synchronous polled loop ever did. */
+    __asm__ volatile("" : : : "memory");
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Interrupt routing -- riscv64 (PLIC). aarch64 (GIC, item 4.3.5e) is not
+ * yet implemented; the #else path reports rather than silently no-ops, so
+ * a future arch attempting to use this file without adding its own
+ * routing fails loudly instead of "working" with a permanently-pending,
+ * never-enabled source.
+ * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+#if defined(ARCH_RISCV64)
+static int enable_interrupt_route(const PciDevice *pci)
+{
+    uint8_t pin = pci_read8(pci, (uint16_t)PCI_CFG_INT_PIN);
+    if (pin < 1u || pin > 4u) {
+        console_println("virtio-input: bad/absent INT_PIN");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    uint32_t slot   = pci->device;
+    uint32_t source = 32u + ((slot + (uint32_t)pin - 1u) % 4u);
+
+    plic_set_priority(source, 1u);
+    plic_enable(source);
+
+    g_virtio_input_plic_source = source;
+    return 0;
+}
+#else
+static int enable_interrupt_route(const PciDevice *pci)
+{
+    (void)pci;
+    console_println("virtio-input: interrupt routing not implemented on this arch");
+    return -1;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Device initialisation -- status/feature negotiation mirrors
+ * vblk_init_device() (virtio_blk.c:361-499); differences noted inline.
+ * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static int vinput_init_device(const PciDevice *pci) {
+    VirtInputState *s = &g_vinput;
+
+    pci_enable(pci);
+
+    /* pci_enable() only sets IO/MEM/BUS_MASTER -- it never clears PCI
+     * COMMAND bit 10 (Interrupt Disable). If firmware left it set, INTx
+     * never asserts and every step below "succeeds" while producing zero
+     * real interrupts (FABRIC.md item 4.3.5c/4.3.5e note). Check and clear
+     * explicitly. */
+    {
+        uint16_t cmd = pci_read16(pci, (uint16_t)PCI_CFG_COMMAND);
+        if (cmd & (uint16_t)PCI_CMD_INTX_DISABLE) {
+            pci_write16(pci, (uint16_t)PCI_CFG_COMMAND,
+                        cmd & (uint16_t)~PCI_CMD_INTX_DISABLE);
+        }
+    }
+
+    uint32_t notify_mult = 0;
+    VirtioCommonCfg *common = (VirtioCommonCfg *)
+        walk_virtio_caps(pci, VIRTIO_PCI_CAP_COMMON_CFG, NULL);
+    volatile uint16_t *notify = (volatile uint16_t *)
+        walk_virtio_caps(pci, VIRTIO_PCI_CAP_NOTIFY_CFG, &notify_mult);
+    volatile uint8_t *isr_status = (volatile uint8_t *)
+        walk_virtio_caps(pci, VIRTIO_PCI_CAP_ISR_CFG, NULL);
+
+    if (!common || !notify || !isr_status) {
+        console_println("virtio-input: cap walk failed");
+        return -2;
+    }
+
+    s->common          = common;
+    s->notify          = notify;
+    s->notify_off_mult = notify_mult;
+    s->isr_status      = isr_status;
+
+    common->device_status = 0;
+    wmb();
+    common->device_status = (uint8_t)VIRTIO_STATUS_ACKNOWLEDGE;
+    wmb();
+    common->device_status = (uint8_t)(VIRTIO_STATUS_ACKNOWLEDGE | VIRTIO_STATUS_DRIVER);
+    wmb();
+
+    common->driver_feature_select = 1;
+    wmb();
+    common->driver_feature = (uint32_t)(VIRTIO_F_VERSION_1 >> 32);
+    common->driver_feature_select = 0;
+    wmb();
+    common->driver_feature = 0;
+    wmb();
+
+    common->device_status = (uint8_t)(VIRTIO_STATUS_ACKNOWLEDGE |
+                                       VIRTIO_STATUS_DRIVER |
+                                       VIRTIO_STATUS_FEATURES_OK);
+    wmb();
+    if (!(common->device_status & (uint8_t)VIRTIO_STATUS_FEATURES_OK)) {
+        console_println("virtio-input: FEATURES_OK rejected");
+        common->device_status = (uint8_t)VIRTIO_STATUS_FAILED;
+        return -2;
+    }
+
+    /* Queue 0 = eventq (device-to-driver key events). Queue 1 = statusq
+     * (driver-to-device, e.g. LED state) -- not needed to read keypresses;
+     * left unconfigured, consistent with this item's scope (input, not
+     * output reports). Read num_queues back rather than assume 2. */
+    if (common->num_queues < 1u) {
+        console_println("virtio-input: no queues reported");
+        return -2;
+    }
+
+    common->queue_select = 0;
+    wmb();
+    uint16_t max_size = common->queue_size;
+    if (max_size == 0u) {
+        console_println("virtio-input: bad eventq size");
+        return -2;
+    }
+    uint16_t qsize = (max_size < (uint16_t)EVENTQ_SIZE)
+                     ? max_size : (uint16_t)EVENTQ_SIZE;
+    common->queue_size = qsize;
+    s->queue_notify_off = common->queue_notify_off;
+    wmb();
+
+    common->config_msix_vector = 0xFFFFu;
+    common->queue_msix_vector  = 0xFFFFu;
+    wmb();
+
+    size_t desc_bytes  = (size_t)qsize * sizeof(VirtqDesc);
+    size_t avail_bytes = sizeof(uint16_t) * 2u +
+                         (size_t)qsize * sizeof(uint16_t) + sizeof(uint16_t);
+    size_t used_bytes  = sizeof(uint16_t) * 2u +
+                         (size_t)qsize * sizeof(VirtqUsedElem) + sizeof(uint16_t);
+
+    s->desc  = (VirtqDesc *) kmalloc_aligned(desc_bytes, 64);
+    s->avail = (VirtqAvail *)kmalloc_aligned(avail_bytes, 2);
+    s->used  = (VirtqUsed *) kmalloc_aligned(used_bytes, 4);
+    s->bufs  = (VirtioInputEvent *)
+               kmalloc_aligned((size_t)qsize * sizeof(VirtioInputEvent), 8);
+    if (!s->desc || !s->avail || !s->used || !s->bufs) {
+        console_println("virtio-input: alloc failed");
+        return -2;
+    }
+    memset(s->desc,  0, desc_bytes);
+    memset(s->avail, 0, avail_bytes);
+    memset(s->used,  0, used_bytes);
+    memset(s->bufs,  0, (size_t)qsize * sizeof(VirtioInputEvent));
+
+    s->avail_idx     = 0;
+    s->last_used_idx = 0;
+
+    common->queue_desc   = (uint64_t)(uintptr_t)s->desc;
+    common->queue_driver = (uint64_t)(uintptr_t)s->avail;
+    common->queue_device = (uint64_t)(uintptr_t)s->used;
+    wmb();
+    common->queue_enable = 1;
+    wmb();
+
+    /* Pre-post every buffer, device-writable, single descriptor each
+     * (events are fixed 8-byte structs, no chaining needed) -- unlike
+     * vblk_io()'s per-request chain-of-three, this posts the whole queue
+     * up front and never waits synchronously; the device fills them
+     * asynchronously as real input events arrive. */
+    uint16_t i;
+    for (i = 0; i < qsize; i++) {
+        s->desc[i].addr  = (uint64_t)(uintptr_t)&s->bufs[i];
+        s->desc[i].len   = (uint32_t)sizeof(VirtioInputEvent);
+        s->desc[i].flags = (uint16_t)VRING_DESC_F_WRITE;
+        s->desc[i].next  = 0;
+
+        s->avail->ring[i] = i;
+    }
+    wmb();
+    s->avail->idx = qsize;
+    s->avail_idx  = qsize;
+    wmb();
+
+    uint16_t notify_idx = (uint16_t)(s->queue_notify_off *
+                                      (s->notify_off_mult & 0xFFFFu));
+    volatile uint16_t *doorbell = s->notify + notify_idx;
+    *doorbell = 0;
+    wmb();
+
+    if (enable_interrupt_route(pci) != 0) {
+        console_println("virtio-input: interrupt route unavailable, device idle");
+        return -2;
+    }
+
+    common->device_status = (uint8_t)(VIRTIO_STATUS_ACKNOWLEDGE |
+                                       VIRTIO_STATUS_DRIVER |
+                                       VIRTIO_STATUS_FEATURES_OK |
+                                       VIRTIO_STATUS_DRIVER_OK);
+    wmb();
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int virtio_input_find_keyboard(void) {
+    PciDevice pci;
+    int found = pci_find_first(VIRTIO_INPUT_PCI_VENDOR_ID,
+                                VIRTIO_INPUT_PCI_DEVICE_ID, &pci);
+    if (found != 0) {
+        console_println("virtio-input: no device on PCI bus 0");
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    console_println("virtio-input: found device");
+
+    int rc = vinput_init_device(&pci);
+    if (rc != 0) return rc;
+
+    g_vinput_ready = 1;
+    console_println("virtio-input: driver ready");
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * Interrupt path -- called from arch/riscv64/interrupts.c on a matching
+ * PLIC claim (g_virtio_input_plic_source).
+ * ------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+void virtio_input_isr(void) {
+    VirtInputState *s = &g_vinput;
+    if (!g_vinput_ready) return;
+
+    g_virtio_input_isr_count++;
+
+    /* Mandatory: reading ISR status is what deasserts the (level-triggered,
+     * per FABRIC.md §27.5.2's decoded interrupt-map flags) line. Skipping
+     * this leaves the PLIC source's condition latched -- storm or hang,
+     * not a subtle bug (same finding 4.3.5e's plan flags). */
+    (void)*s->isr_status;
+
+    while (s->used->idx != s->last_used_idx) {
+        uint16_t used_slot = s->last_used_idx % EVENTQ_SIZE;
+        uint32_t desc_id    = s->used->ring[used_slot].id;
+        VirtioInputEvent *ev = &s->bufs[desc_id];
+
+        if (ev->type == (uint16_t)VIRTIO_INPUT_EV_KEY) {
+            diag_push(ev->code, ev->value);
+        }
+        /* EV_SYN and other event types are received but not surfaced to
+         * the diagnostic ring -- this item decodes EV_KEY specifically,
+         * per its own scope; a full input-event model is later/REPL work. */
+
+        /* Re-post this buffer immediately -- same descriptor, still
+         * device-writable, not re-initialised (already zeroed content
+         * doesn't matter, the device overwrites it in full each time). */
+        uint16_t avail_slot = s->avail_idx % EVENTQ_SIZE;
+        s->avail->ring[avail_slot] = (uint16_t)desc_id;
+        wmb();
+        s->avail_idx++;
+        s->avail->idx = s->avail_idx;
+        wmb();
+
+        s->last_used_idx++;
+    }
+
+    uint16_t notify_idx = (uint16_t)(s->queue_notify_off *
+                                      (s->notify_off_mult & 0xFFFFu));
+    volatile uint16_t *doorbell = s->notify + notify_idx;
+    *doorbell = 0;
+    wmb();
+}
@@ -32,6 +32,14 @@
 * @par KBD-DEBUG ( -- isr_count spurious_count )
 * Standing diagnostic: count of real keyboard IRQs serviced and count of
 * LAPIC spurious-vector interrupts, both since boot.
+ *
+ * @par VKBD-EVENT ( -- code value -1 | 0 )
+ * Item 4.3.5c. Pop one decoded EV_KEY event (Linux input-event code/value
+ * pair) off the virtio-input interrupt-fed ring buffer. Kernel-only,
+ * riscv64-only today (virtio-keyboard-pci); no-op elsewhere.
+ *
+ * @par VKBD-DEBUG ( -- isr_count )
+ * Standing diagnostic: count of virtio-input ISR invocations since boot.
 * @}
 */

@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@
 #include "starkernel/i8042.h"
 #endif

+#if defined(__STARKERNEL__) && defined(ARCH_RISCV64)
+#include "starkernel/virtio_input.h"
+#endif
+
 /* KBD-SCAN ( -- c -1 | 0 ) */
 static void kbw_scan(VM *vm)
 {
@@ -50,8 +54,46 @@ static void kbw_debug(VM *vm)
 #endif
 }

+/* VKBD-EVENT ( -- code value -1 | 0 ): item 4.3.5c, riscv64 virtio-input.
+ * Pop one decoded EV_KEY event off the interrupt-fed ring buffer. Pushes
+ * code and value and -1 (true) if one was available, or just 0 (false) if
+ * the buffer was empty. Distinct word from KBD-SCAN rather than a shared
+ * one: different device, different event shape (Linux-style code/value
+ * pair vs. a raw XT scancode byte) -- convergence onto one interface is
+ * item 4.3.5f's explicit job, not this one's. */
+static void kbw_vevent(VM *vm)
+{
+#if defined(__STARKERNEL__) && defined(ARCH_RISCV64)
+    uint16_t code;
+    uint32_t value;
+    if (virtio_input_pop_event(&code, &value)) {
+        vm_push(vm, (cell_t)code);
+        vm_push(vm, (cell_t)value);
+        vm_push(vm, -1);
+    } else {
+        vm_push(vm, 0);
+    }
+#else
+    vm_push(vm, 0);
+#endif
+}
+
+/* VKBD-DEBUG ( -- isr_count ): standing diagnostic, same shape as
+ * KBD-DEBUG -- confirms the virtio-input interrupt path is alive. */
+extern volatile uint32_t g_virtio_input_isr_count;
+static void kbw_vdebug(VM *vm)
+{
+#if defined(__STARKERNEL__) && defined(ARCH_RISCV64)
+    vm_push(vm, (cell_t)g_virtio_input_isr_count);
+#else
+    vm_push(vm, 0);
+#endif
+}
+
 void register_keyboard_words(VM *vm)
 {
    register_word(vm, "KBD-SCAN", kbw_scan);
    register_word(vm, "KBD-DEBUG", kbw_debug);
+    register_word(vm, "VKBD-EVENT", kbw_vevent);
+    register_word(vm, "VKBD-DEBUG", kbw_vdebug);
 }